And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.
And the LORD made Pharaoh's heart stubborn, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had told Moses would happen.
God made Pharaoh's heart hard and stubborn, so he refused to listen to Moses and Aaron, exactly as God had predicted.
📚 Historical Context
This verse occurs during the sixth plague (boils) that God sent upon Egypt to convince Pharaoh to release the Israelites from slavery. Throughout the plague narrative, Pharaoh's heart alternates between being hardened by God and hardening himself, demonstrating both divine sovereignty and human responsibility. This was part of God's larger plan to demonstrate His power and deliver His people from four centuries of bondage in Egypt.
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