These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,
These were the chiefs among Esau's descendants: the sons of Eliphaz, who was Esau's firstborn son, became chiefs over their tribes, chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz,
This verse lists the tribal leaders who descended from Esau's oldest son Eliphaz, showing how Esau's family grew into organized clans with their own chiefs.
📚 Historical Context
In the book of Genesis, Esau is the twin brother of Jacob, who became the patriarch of Israel, and Esau's descendants formed the Edomite nation, which often interacted with the Israelites in biblical history. This verse is part of a chapter dedicated to listing the genealogies and chiefs of Esau's family, demonstrating how God fulfilled His promise to Abraham by multiplying his descendants into tribes and nations. These "dukes" or chiefs were likely clan leaders among the Edomites, who inhabited the region southeast of the Dead Sea and played a role in the broader narrative of ancient Near Eastern peoples.
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