If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.
If stolen property is found still alive in someone's possession—whether it's a cow, donkey, or sheep—they must pay back twice what they took.
This verse establishes that anyone caught with stolen livestock must repay double the value as punishment and restitution.
📚 Historical Context
This law was given to Moses as part of God's civil and moral code for the newly formed nation of Israel after their exodus from Egypt. In an agricultural society where livestock represented significant wealth and livelihood, theft of animals was a serious economic crime that could devastate families. The double restitution served both as punishment for the thief and fair compensation for the victim's loss and suffering.
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