KJV ORIGINAL
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.
Close to the original. Clear modern English.
✦ MADE SIMPLE
But the LORD made Pharaoh's heart stubborn, so that he would not let the people of Israel go.
⚡ THE BOTTOM LINE
God allowed Pharaoh to become even more stubborn in his refusal to free the Israelites from slavery.
📚 Historical Context
This verse occurs during the dramatic confrontation between Moses and Pharaoh, where God sent ten plagues upon Egypt to secure the Israelites' freedom from slavery. Pharaoh had already shown his stubborn character by repeatedly refusing to let the people go, even after witnessing miraculous plagues. Ancient Near Eastern cultures understood that their gods could influence rulers' hearts and decisions as part of divine sovereignty.
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