KJV ORIGINAL
Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;
Close to the original. Clear modern English.
✦ MADE SIMPLE
Because I knew that you are stubborn, and your neck is like an iron cord, and your forehead is like brass;
⚡ THE BOTTOM LINE
God is saying He knew His people would be extremely stubborn and resistant to His guidance.
📚 Historical Context
Isaiah was prophesying to the Israelites during a time when they had repeatedly turned away from God despite His faithfulness to them. The metaphors of an iron neck and brass forehead were common ancient expressions describing extreme stubbornness and shameless defiance. God is explaining through Isaiah why He had to declare His plans in advance - because He knew the people would be obstinate and might otherwise claim credit for what He accomplished.
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