These are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their dukes.
These are the sons of Esau (also called Edom), and these are their chiefs.
This verse is summarizing that Esau, who was also known as Edom, had sons who became leaders of their own tribes or clans.
📚 Historical Context
In the book of Genesis, Esau is portrayed as the ancestor of the Edomites, a nation that inhabited the region southeast of the Dead Sea, and he is often contrasted with his brother Jacob in the biblical narrative. This verse is part of a detailed genealogy that lists Esau's descendants and their leaders, known as dukes, to show how God was forming distinct peoples and nations from the patriarchs. Such lists were essential in ancient Near Eastern cultures for establishing family lines, territorial claims, and social structures.
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