Neither shalt thou commit adultery.
You must not commit adultery.
God is commanding His people to be faithful in marriage and not have sexual relationships outside of their marriage commitment.
📚 Historical Context
In the book of Deuteronomy, Moses is reiterating the Ten Commandments to the Israelites as they prepare to enter the Promised Land, building on the original giving of these laws at Mount Sinai. This commandment against adultery addressed the societal dangers of infidelity in ancient Near Eastern cultures, where marriage was essential for maintaining family lineage, property rights, and social order. It reflected God's call for moral purity in a world surrounded by idolatrous practices that often included sexual immorality.
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